Friedberg argues PBMs like Express Scripts generate billions in excess profit through opaque markups and are subject to FTC investigations, with regulatory and political risk threatening the middleman model.
There's 3 major PBMs: CVS Caremark, Express Scripts, and OptumRx. These 3 companies make on average approximately $3 in operating profit per prescription claim processed. They make money in markups. The FTC has been investigating them.”1:34:53