Friedberg believes China's state-funded AI-driven lithography research at Tsinghua and elsewhere is not merely catching up to ASML but potentially leapfrogging it, threatening ASML's monopoly position.
China is not just in a catch-up race. They're in a primacy race. And they are trying to develop primacy in lithography technology, which will give them primacy in manufacturing, which will give them primacy in AI.” ⚑
Sacks views ASML's EUV monopoly as the West's single biggest structural advantage in the AI chip race, but sees China's reverse-engineering efforts as a credible threat that could erode this moat over time.
EUV lithography, these machines that are made by ASML, is probably our single biggest advantage in the AI race... if they figured out how to reverse EUV, that would be, I'd say, a blow because it is a real advantage for us.” ⚑